Hydase is a specialized medical preparation of the enzyme hyaluronidase. It is primarily used as a “diffusing substance” to modify the permeability of connective tissue. When medications or fluids need to be absorbed by the body more efficiently, Hydase acts as a temporary facilitator. It is commonly supplied in packs of 6 ampoules, providing a multi-dose supply for clinical environments.
What is Hydase Used For?
Hydase is utilized across several medical disciplines to improve the distribution and absorption of other injected fluids. Its primary uses include:
- Absorption and Dispersion of Injected Drugs: It is frequently co-administered with local anesthetics (such as in dental or ophthalmic surgery) to increase the area of effect and speed of onset.
- Subcutaneous Fluid Administration (Hypodermoclysis): It assists in the absorption of large volumes of fluids when intravenous access is not possible or practical.
- Subcutaneous Urography: It is used to improve the resorption of radiopaque agents during certain X-ray procedures.
- Management of Extravasation: In cases where irritating medications leak from a vein, Hydase is used to disperse the drug, reducing the risk of localized tissue damage.
Hydase Ingredients
Active Ingredient: Hyaluronidase (typically 150 units per mL, though concentrations vary by specific product labeling).
Excipients: These often include sodium chloride for tonicity, edetate disodium as a stabilizer, and a buffering agent like sodium phosphate to maintain an optimal pH.
Source: Hydase is typically a highly purified bovine (cow) protein.
How It Works (Mechanism of Action)
The extracellular matrix of human tissue contains hyaluronic acid, a polysaccharide that acts as a physical barrier to the spread of fluids. This “interstitial barrier” limits how quickly a liquid can move between cells.
Hydase works by catalyzing the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid. By breaking the chemical bonds of this “interstitial cement,” the enzyme temporarily thins the tissue, making it more permeable. This allows injected fluids to spread across a wider area and reach the bloodstream or lymphatic system much faster. Once the enzyme is metabolized, the body regenerates its natural hyaluronic acid, and the tissue barrier is restored within 24 to 48 hours.
Dosage and Administration
Notice: Hydase must be administered by a licensed healthcare professional.
- Standard Administration: For most applications, a common dose is 150 units added to the injection or infusion solution.
- Subcutaneous Infusion: 150 units is often sufficient to facilitate the absorption of 1,000 mL or more of infusion fluid.
- Pediatric Dosing: Dosage for children is strictly monitored, usually with a limit on the total volume of fluid administered to prevent over-hydration.
- Sensitivity Testing: Because Hydase is a protein-based enzyme, professionals often perform a skin test (0.02 mL intradermal injection) to check for a “wheal and flare” reaction, which would indicate an allergy.
Hydase Side Effects
While Hydase is generally well-tolerated when used correctly, adverse reactions can occur.
- Local Reactions: The most common effects are localized to the injection site, including redness, swelling, and mild pain.
- Hypersensitivity: Because it is an enzyme, some patients may experience allergic reactions ranging from mild rashes to, in rare cases, severe anaphylaxis.
- Infection Risk: If injected into an area of existing infection, the “spreading factor” of the drug may cause the infection to migrate to surrounding healthy tissue.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long does the effect of Hydase last?
The increased permeability of the tissue is temporary. The enzyme’s activity typically lasts for 24 to 48 hours, after which the body’s natural hyaluronic acid barrier is fully restored.
Is Hydase used to dissolve cosmetic fillers?
While Hydase is a brand of hyaluronidase, it is often used “off-label” in aesthetic medicine to dissolve hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers. However, its primary FDA-approved indications are for fluid and drug dispersion.
Are there medications that should not be used with Hydase?
Yes. Hydase should not be used to enhance the absorption of alpha-blockers or dopamine, and it is generally avoided with any medication that requires a strictly localized effect.
Conclusion
Hydase (Hyaluronidase) Injection is an essential tool for improving the efficiency of various medical treatments. Temporarily lowering the body’s natural tissue defenses, it ensures that life-saving fluids and anesthetics reach their targets more effectively. Due to its protein-based nature and its potent effect on tissue permeability, it is a medication that requires professional expertise to ensure safety and therapeutic success.
